Republic Day Honours and Awards

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Gallantry Awards

Param Vir Chakra : The highest decoration for valour is the Param Vir Chakra which is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the. presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.

The decoration is made of bronze and is circular in shape. It has, on the obverse, four replicas of "Indra's Vajra" embossed round the State emblem in the centre. On the reverse, the words "Param Vir Chakra" are embossed both in Hindi and English with two lotus flowers in the middle.

The decoration is worn on the left breast with a plain, purple coloured riband about 3.2 cm in width.

Mahavir Chakra : Mahavir Chakra is the second highest decoration for valour and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.

It is made of standard silver and is circular in shape. Embossed on the obverse is a five pointed heraldic star with domed centre-piece bearing the gilded State emblem in the centre, The words "Mahavir Chakra" are embossed both in Hindi and English on the reverse with two lotus flowers in the middle. The decoration is worn on the left breast with a half-white and half-orange riband about 3.2 cm in width, the orange being near the left shoulder.

Vir Chakra : Vir Chakra is third in the order of awards given for the act of gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.

The decoration is made of standard silver and is circular in shape. Embossed on the obverse is a five pointed heraldic star which has an Ashoka Chakra in the centre. Within this chakra, there is a domed centre-piece bearing gilded State emblem. On the reverse, the words "Vir Chakra" are embossed, both in Hindi and English, with two lotus flowers in the middle. The Chakra is worn on the left breast with a half-blue and half­orange riband, about 3.2 cm in width, the orange being nearer the left shoulder.

Ashok Chakra : Ashok Chakra is the highest award for gallantry during peacetime. Three Army personnel were awarded the Ashok Chakra on August 14, 2007, on the eve of the country's 60th Independence Day. The awardees included Col. Vasanth Venugopal, Captain R. Harshan and Naib Subedar Chunni Lal. .All of them were awarded posthumously.

Kirti Chakra : The decoration is the nation's second highest award for gallantry during peacetime. It is made of standard silver and is circular in shape. The obverse and the reverse are exactly the same as in Ashok Chakra.

The Chakra is worn on the left breast with a green silk riband, about 3.2 cm in width and divided into equal segments by two orange vertical lines.

Kirti Chakras for 2007 were awarded on August 14, 2007, to six people including three Army officers and as many civilians. The recipients were Captain Abhinav Handa of 9 Maratha Light Infantry, Lt. Pankaj Kumar of 7/11 Gorkha Rifles, Naik Radhakrishnan of 10 Madras regiment, Dayanand Pandey (posthumously), Mohammad Shan Ahmad (posthumously) and Tarun Kumar Dutta (posthumously).

Shaurya Chakra : The decoration is awarded for an act of gallantry. It is exactly like Ashok Chakra, except that it is made of bronze.

The Chakra is worn on the left breast with a green silk riband, about 3.2 cm in width and divided into four equal segments by three orange vertical lines.

Of the 20 personnel who were awarded Shaurya Chakras in 2007, 19 belonged to the Army and one to the Air Force. Nine of them got the award posthumously.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Vishisht Seva Medal : The Vishisht Seva (Distinguished Service) Medals are awarded to personnel of all the three services in recognition of distinguished service of the "most exceptional", "exceptional" and "high" order, respectively. Param Vishisht Seva Medal is made of gold, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal of standard silver and Vishisht Seva Medal of bronze, all circular in shape and 3.5 cm in diameter. Each medal has on its obverse five pointed stars and on its reverse the Lion Capitol. Its riband is golden with one dark-blue stripe down the centre for Param Vishisht Seva Medal, two dark-blue stripes dividing it into three equal parts for Ati Vishisht Seva Medal and three dark-blue stripes dividing it into four equal parts for Vishisht Seva Medal.

On January 26, 2007, 19 Senior Army Officers were decorated with Param Vishisht Seva Medals (PVSM). Besides these officers, other military personnel were also given gallantry awards on the nation's 57th Republic Day. The then President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam approved four Bar to Sena Medals (Gallantry), one Bar to Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, 52 Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, one Yudh Seva Medal, four Bar to Vishisht Seva Medals, 123 Vishisht Seva Medals, two Bar to Sena Medals, 41 Sena Medals;12 Nao Sena Medals and 15 Vayu Sena Medals.

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Posted in: Ashok Chakra,Kirti Chakra,Mahavir Chakra,Param Vir Chakra,Republic Day Honours and Awards,Shaurya Chakra,Vir Chakra

Branches of science

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 Aerodynamics:  the study of the motion of gas on objects and the forces created

Anatomy: the study of the structure and organization of living things
Anthropology: the study of human cultures both past and present
Archaeology: the study of the material remains of cultures
Astronomy: the study of celestial objects in the universe
Astrophysics: the study of the physics of the universe
Bacteriology: the study of bacteria in relation to disease
Biochemistry: the study of the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms
Biophysics: the application of theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology
Biology: the science that studies living organisms
Botany: the scientific study of plant life
Chemical Engineering: the application of science, mathematics, and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms
Chemistry: the science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself
Climatology: the study of climates and investigations of its phenomena and causes
Computer Science: the systematic study of computing systems and computation
Ecology: the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
Electronics: science and technology of electronic phenomena
Engineering: the practical application of science to commerce or industry
Entomology: the study of insects
Environmental Science: the science of the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment
Forestry: the science of studying and managing forests and plantations, and related natural resources
Genetics: the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms
Geology: the science of the Earth, its structure, and history
Marine Biology: the study of animal and plant life within saltwater ecosystems
Mathematics: a science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
Medicine: the science concerned with maintaining health and restoring it by treating disease
Meteorology: study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting
Microbiology: the study of microorganisms, including viruses, prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes
Mineralogy: the study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals
Molecular Biology: the study of biology at a molecular level
Nuclear Physics: the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom
Neurology: the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and its disorders
Oceanography: study of the earth’s oceans and their interlinked ecosystems and chemical and physical processes
Organic Chemistry: the branch of chemistry dedicated to the study of the structures, synthesis, and reactions of carbon-containing compounds
Ornithology: the study of birds
Paleontology: the study of life-forms existing in former geological time periods
Petrology: the geological and chemical study of rocks
Physics: the study of the behavior and properties of matter
Physiology: the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms
Radiology: the branch of medicine dealing with the applications of radiant energy, including x-rays and radioisotopes
Seismology: the study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth
Taxonomy: the science of classification of animals and plants
Thermodynamics: the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes
Zoology: the study of animals

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Posted in: Branches of science,General Science,General Science Gk,Physics quiz,science general knowledge,science knowledge,Science MCQ Test,science question answers,Science Quiz

General Science

>General Science,General Science Gk,Physics quiz,science general knowledge,science knowledge,Science MCQ Test,science question answers,Science Quiz

VITAMINS

The Vitamins are necessary auxiliaries in metabolism. They combine with specific proteins, as parts of various oxidative enzyme systems which are concerned with the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat in the body. Thus, they are intimately involved in the mechanism which releases energy, carbon dioxide and water as the end products of metabolism.
Vitamins can be broadly divided into Fat Soluble and Water Soluble Vitamins. Vitamins A D E and K are fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins B ( B1 B2 B6 B12 ) and C are water-soluble.

Vitamin - A
Year	1913
	Retinol
Main Metabolic Function	Essential for normal growth and development. For normal function of epithelical cells and normal development of teeth and bones. Prevents Night blindness.
Deficiency - Effects	Retarded growth. Reduced resistance to infection. Abnormal function of gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts due to altered epithelial membranes. Interferes with production of "night purple".
Available	Milk, Egg yolk, Ghee, Butter, Carrots, Tomatoes, Leafy and Yellow vegetables, Cod liver oil and Fresh fruits.
Nature	Fat-Soluble
Year	1936
	Thiamin
Main Metabolic Function	An important aid in carbohydrate metabolism. Needed for Proper functioning of the digestive tract and nervous system. Beriberi. Loss of muscle.
Deficiency - Effects	Loss of appetite. Impaired digestion of starches and sugars. Various nervous disorder coordination.
Available	Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature	Water-Soluble
Vitamin - B2
Year	1935
	Riboflavin
Main Metabolic Function	Needed in formation of certain enzymes and in cellular oxidation. Prevents inflammation of oral mucous membranes and the tongue.
Deficiency - Effects	Impaired growth, lassitude and weakness. Causes cheillosis or glossittis. May result in Photophobia and cataracts.
Available	Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature	Water-Soluble
Vitamin - B6
Year	1934
	Pyridoxine
Main Metabolic Function	Acts as do other B vitamins. To break down protein, carbohydrate and fat. Acts as a catalyst in the formation of niacin from tryptophan.
Deficiency - Effects	Increased irritability, convulsions and peripheral neuritis. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
Available	Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature	Water-Soluble
Vitamin - B12
Year	1948
	Cyanocobalamin
Main Metabolic Function	Essential for development of red blood cells. Required for maintenance of skin, nerve tissues, bone and muscles.
Deficiency - Effects	Results in pernicious anaemia. Weakness, fatigue, sore and cracked lips.
Available	Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature	Water-Soluble
Vitamin - C
Year	1919
	Ascorbic Acid
Main Metabolic Function	Needed for form the cementing substance, collagen, in various tissues (skin, dentine, cartilage and bone matrix). Assists in woundhealing and bone fractures.
Deficiency - Effects	Lowered resistance to infections. Susceptibility to dental cavities, pyotthea and bleeding gums. Delayed wound healing. Specific treatment for Scurvy.
Available	Fresh vegetables, Lemon, Orange, Tomatoes, Cabbage , Turnip and Lettuce (Beetroot).
Nature	Water-Soluble
Year	1925
	Cholecalciferol
Main Metabolic Function	Requlates absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestinal tract. Affords antiachitic activity.
Deficiency - Effects	Interferes with utilisation of calcium and phosphorus in bone and teeth formation. Development of bone disease, rickets and caries.
Available	Butter, Milk, Ghee, Cod liver oil, Yolk of Eggs and also in Sunrays.
Nature	Fat-Soluble
Vitamin - E
Year	1936
	Tocopherols
Main Metabolic Function	Protects tissues, cell membranes and Vitamin A against peroxidation. Helps strengthen red blood cells.
Deficiency - Effects	Decreased red blood cell resistance to rupture.
Available	Germinating Wheat.
Nature	Fat-Soluble
Vitamin - K
Year	1935
	Phytomenadione
Main Metabolic Function	Essential for formation of normal amounts of prothrombin and blood coagulation.
Deficiency - Effects	diminished blood clotting time. Increased incidence of hemorrhages.
Available	Fish, Wheat and Oats.
Nature	Fat-Soluble

Related Web Terms

Vitamins Vitamin - A Vitamin - B6 Vitamin - B1 Metabolic Function Deficiency - Effects Vitamin - B2 Vitamin - K Vitamin - E Vitamin - D Vitamin - C Vitamin - B12 Vitamin Nature carbohydrates oxidative enzyme systems Proteins

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Posted in: General Science,General Science Gk,Physics quiz,science general knowledge,science knowledge,Science MCQ Test,science question answers,Science Quiz,Vitamins

General Knowledge Quiz Questions with Answers

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No.	Question	Answer
01	The first Prime minister of Bangladesh was	Mujibur Rehman
02	The longest river in the world is the	Nile
03	The longest highway in the world is the	Trans-Canada
04	The longest highway in the world has a length of	About 8000 km
05	The highest mountain in the world is the	Everest
06	The country that accounts for nearly one third of the total teak production of the world is	Myanmar
07	The biggest desert in the world is the	Sahara desert
08	The largest coffee growing country in the world is	Brazil
09	The country also known as "country of Copper" is	Zambia
10	The name given to the border which separates Pakistan and Afghanistan is	Durand line
11	The river Volga flows out into the	Capsian sea
12	The coldest place on the earth is	Verkoyansk in Siberia
13	The country which ranks second in terms of land area is	Canada
14	The largest Island in the Mediterranean sea is	Sicily
15	The river Jordan flows out into the	Dead sea
16	The biggest delta in the world is the	Sunderbans
17	The capital city that stands on the river Danube is	Belgrade
18	The Japanese call their country as	Nippon
19	The length of the English channel is	564 kilometres
20	The world's oldest known city is	Damascus
21	The city which is also known as the City of Canals is	Venice
22	The country in which river Wangchu flows is	Myanmar
23	The biggest island of the world is	Greenland
24	The city which is the biggest centre for manufacture of automobiles in the world is	Detroit, USA
25	The country which is the largest producer of manganese in the world is	USA
26	The country which is the largest producer of rubber in the world is	Malaysia
27	The country which is the largest producer of tin in the world is	Malaysia
28	The river which carries maximum quantity of water into the sea is the	Mississippi
29	The city which was once called the `Forbidden City' was	Peking
30	The country called the Land of Rising Sun is	Japan
31	Mount Everest was named after	Sir George Everest
32	The volcano Vesuvius is located in	Italy
33	The country known as the Sugar Bowl of the world is	Cuba
34	The length of the Suez Canal is	162.5 kilometers
35	The lowest point on earth is	The coastal area of Dead sea
36	The Gurkhas are the original inhabitants of	Nepal
37	The largest ocean of the world is the	Pacific ocean
38	The largest bell in the world is the	Tsar Kolkol at Kremlin, Moscow
39	The biggest stadium in the world is the	Strahov Stadium, Prague
40	The world's largest diamond producing country is	South Africa
41	Australia was discovered by	James Cook
42	The first Governor General of Pakistan is	Mohammed Ali Jinnah
43	Dublin is situated at the mouth of river	Liffey
44	The earlier name of New York city was	New Amsterdam
45	The Eifel tower was built by	Alexander Eiffel
46	The Red Cross was founded by	Jean Henri Durant
47	The country which has the greatest population density is	Monaco
48	The national flower of Britain is	Rose
49	Niagara Falls was discovered by	Louis Hennepin
50	The national flower of Italy is	Lily
51	The national flower of China is	Narcissus
52	The permanent secretariat of the SAARC is located at	Kathmandu
53	The gateway to the Gulf of Iran is	Strait of Hormuz
54	The first Industrial Revolution took place in	England
55	World Environment Day is observed on	5th June
56	The first Republican President of America was	Abraham Lincoln
57	The country famous for Samba dance is	Brazil
58	The name of Alexander's horse was	Beucephalus
59	Singapore was founded by	Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
60	The famous British one-eyed Admiral was	Nelson
61	The earlier name of Sri Lanka was	Ceylon
62	The UNO was formed in the year	1945
63	UNO stands for	United Nations Organization
64	The independence day of South Korea is celebrated on	15th August
65	`Last Judgement' was the first painting of an Italian painter named	Michelangelo
66	Paradise Regained was written by	John Milton
67	The first President of Egypt was	Mohammed Nequib
68	The first man to reach North Pole was	Rear Peary
69	The most famous painting of Pablo Picasso was	Guermica
70	The primary producer of newsprint in the world is	Canada
71	The first explorer to reach the South Pole was	Cap. Ronald Amundson
72	The person who is called the father of modern Italy is	G.Garibaldi
73	World literacy day is celebrated on	8th September
74	The founder of modern Germany is	Bismarck
75	The country known as the land of the midnight sun is	Norway
76	The place known as the Roof of the world is	Tibet
77	The founder of the Chinese Republic was	San Yat Sen
78	The first Pakistani to receive the Nobel Prize was	Abdul Salam
79	The first woman Prime Minister of Britain was	Margaret Thatcher
80	The first Secretary General of the UNO was	Trygve Lie
81	The sculptor of the statue of Liberty was	Frederick Auguste Bartholdi
82	The port of Banku is situated in	Azerbaijan
83	John F Kennedy was assassinated by	Lee Harry Oswald
84	The largest river in France is	Lore
85	The Queen of England who married her brother-in-law was	Catherine of Aragon
86	The first negro to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize was	Ralph Johnson Bunche
87	The first British University to admit women for degree courses was	London University
88	The principal export of Jamaica is	Sugar
89	New York is popularly known as the city of	Skyscrapers
90	Madagascar is popularly known as the Island of	Cloves
91	The country known as the Land of White Elephant is	Thailand
92	The country known as the Land of Morning Calm is	Korea
93	The country known as the Land of Thunderbolts is	Bhutan
94	The highest waterfalls in the world is the	Salto Angel Falls, Venezuela
95	The largest library in the world is the	United States Library of Congress, Washington DC

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Posted in: Current Affairs 2011,current general knowledge,Current GK,General Knowledge,General Knowledge Questions,GK Quiz,india current gk,Latest GK,Parliament of India

Important Days New

> 

January 9	NRI Day
January 10	World Laughter Day
January 12	National Youth Day
January 15	Army Day
January 26	India's Republic Day, International Customs Day
January 30	Martyrs' Day; World Leprosy Eradication Day
2nd Sunday of February	World Marriage Day
February 24	Central Excise Day
February 28	National Science Day
Second Monday March	Commonwealth Day
March 8	International Women's Day; Intl. literacy Day
March 15	World Disabled Day; World Consumer Rights Day
March 18	Ordnance Factories Day (India)
March 21	World Forestry Day; International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
March 22	World Day for Water
March 23	World Meteorological Day
March 24	World TB Day
April 5	International Day for Mine Awareness; National Maritime Day
April 7	World Health Day
April 17	World Haemophilia Day
April 18	World Heritage Day
April 21	Secretaries' Day
April 22	Earth Day
April 23	World Book and Copyright Day
May 1	Workers' Day (International Labour Day)
May 3	Press Freedom Day; World Asthma Day
May 2nd Sunday	Mother's Day
May 4	Coal Miners' Day
May 8	World Red Cross Day
May 9	World Thalassaemia Day
May 11	National Technology Day
May 12	World Hypertension Day; International Nurses Day
May 15	International Day of the Family
May 17	World Telecommunication Day
May 24	Commonwealth Day
May 31	Anti-tobacco Day
June 4	International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5	World Environment Day
June 3rd Sunday	Father's Day
June 14	World Blood Donor Day
June 26	International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
July 1	Doctor's Day
July 6	World Zoonoses Day
July 11	World Population Day
August 3	Internatioal Friendship Day
August 6	Hiroshima Day
August 8	World Senior Citizen's Day
August 9	Quit India Day, Nagasaki Day
August 15	Indian Independence Day
August 18	IntI. Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
August 19	Photography Day
August 29	National Sports Day
September 2	Coconut Day
September 5	Teachers' Day; Sanskrit Day
September 8	World Literacy Day (UNESCO)
September 15	Engineers' Day
September 16	World Ozone Day
September 21	Alzheimer's Day; Day for Peace & Non-violence (UN)
September 22	Rose Day (Welfare of cancer patients)
September 26	Day of the Deaf
September 27	World Tourism Day
October 1	International Day for the Elderly
October 2	Gandhi Jayanthi
October 3	World Habitat Day
October 4	World Animal Welfare Day
October 8	Indian Air Force Day
October 9	World Post Office Day
October 10	National Post Day
October 2nd Thursday	World Sight Day
October 13	UN International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
October 14	World Standards Day
October 15	World White Cane Day (guiding the blind)
October 16	World Food Day
October 24	UN Day; World Development Information Day
October 30	World Thrift Day
November 9	Legal Services Day
November 14	Children's Day; Diabetes Day
November 17	National Epilepsy Day
November 20	Africa Industrialisation Day
November 29	International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People
December 1	World AIDS Day
December 3	World Day of the Handicapped
December 4	Indian Navy Day
December 7	Indian Armed Forces Flag Day
December 10	Human Rights Day; IntI. Children's Day of Broadcasting
December 18	Minorities Rights Day (India)
December 23	Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day) (India)

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Posted in: Important Dates,Important Day-1,Important Days,Important Days of India

Important Days (365 Days)

>Important Days (365 Days)

January
01 - New Year Day
Road Safety Week
11 - APSRTC Establishment Day
12 - National Youth Day
13 - World Laughter Day
15 - Army Day
21 - Manipur Day
Meghalaya Day
Tripura Day
23 - Desh Prem Divas
25 - Himachal Pradesh Day
26 - Indian Republic Day
Jammu & Kashmir Day
International Customs Day
30 - Martyr's Day
Sarvodaya Day

February
14 - Valentines Day
24 - Central Excise Day
28 - National Science Day

March
08 - Mothers Day
13 - No Smoking Day
15 - World Disabled Day
17 - St. Patricks Day
21 - International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
22 - World Water Day
23 - World Meteorological Day
27 - World Stage ArtistsDay
31 - Financial Year Ending

April
01 - Fools Day
05 - National Maritime Day
07 - World Health Day
18 - World Heritage Day
22 - World Earth Day
23 - Easter Day
24 - World Lab Animals Day
25 - National Administrative Professionals Day

May
01 - Gujarat Statehood Day
International Labour Day
Maharastra Statehood Day
03 - International Sun Day
World Asthma Day
World Press Freedom Day
04 - Coal Miner's Day
05 - World Athletics Day
07 - National Institute of Sports Founder's Day
08 - World Red Cross Day
11 - National Resurgence Day
Technology Day
12 - International Nurses Day
Mothers Day
13 - International Criminal Court Day
National Solidarity Day
15 - International Day of Families
16 - Sikkim Day
17 - World Telecommunications Day
20 - World Metrology Day
21 - Anti Terrorism Day
22 - International Day for Biological Diversity
24 - Commonwealth Day
28 - Official Language Day
Telugu People's Self-respect Day
30 - Goa Statehood Day
31 - World No-Tobacco Day

June
01 - International Children's Day
03 - World Naturist Day
04 - International Day for Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
05 - World Environment Day
16 - Father's Day
21 - Hugging Day
World Music Day
23 - International Olympic Day
Rath Yatra
26 - International Anti - Drugs Day
International Day against Drug Abuse and illicit Trafficking
27 - World Diabetes Day


July
01 - Architecture Day
Doctor's Day
International Jokes Day
Vana Mahotsav Week 1-7
02 - World Sports Journalists Day
04 - Free 4th of July
06 - World Zonnosis Day
07 - International day of Co-Operatives
11 - World Population Day
20 - Man Walks on the Moon
26 - Kargil Vijay Divas

August
01 - World Breast-feeding Week
03 - Liberation Day
05 - Friendship Day
06 - Hiroshima Day
09 - August Kranti Divas
International day of the world'sIndigenous People
International day of Solidarity with the strugleof Women in South Africa
Nagasaki Day
10 - Dengue Prevention Day
12 - International Youth Day
Librarians Day
13 - Left Hander's Day
15 - Indian Independence Day
West Bengal Day
19 - World Photography Day
20 - World Mosquito Day
24 - Kolkata's Birth Day
Sanskrit Day
26 - Women's Equality Day
29 - National Sports Day
Telugu Language Day

September
01 - Nutrition Week 1-7
04 - Minority Welfare Day
05 - Teachers Day
08 - World Literacy Day
10 - Haryana Statehood Day
Punjab Statehood Day
14 - Hindi Day
15 - Engineers Day
16 - International Day of the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
18 - International Day of Peace
21 - Biosphere Day
World Alzheimer's Day
22 - Girl Child Week 22-26
24 - Girl Child Day
World Heart Day
26 - CSIR Foundation Day
27 - World Tourism Day
28 - Gunners Day

October
01 - International Music Day
International Day for Older Persons
National Voluntary Blood Donation Day
World Habitat Day(1st Monday)
02 - Gandhi Jayanthi
Human Rights Protection Day
Prisoner's Day
World Ostony Day
World Wide Life Week (2-8)
03 - World Animal Day
04 - International Mental Health Health Week (4-10)
World Space Week(4-10)
08 - Air Force Day
Rapid Action Force Raising Day
09 - National Postal Week(9-14)
World Postal Day
10 - World Disaster Reduction Day (2nd Wednes Day)
World Mental Health Day
12 - World Sight Day
13 - World Arthritis Day
14 - World Standards Day
15 - World White Cane Day
16 - World Anaesthesiologists Day
World Food Day
17 - International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
21 - Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Day
Police Commemoration Day
24 - Disarmament Week(24-30)
United Nations Day
27 - Infantry Day
30 - World Thrift Day
31 - Halloween Day
National Integration Day

November
01 - Andhra Pradesh Formation Day
Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab States Formation Day
05 - International Week of Science & Peace (5-11)
09 - Legal Services Day
Uttaranchal State Formation Day
10 - Forest Martyrs Day
11 - Armistice Day
Education Day
12 - National Broadcasting Day
14 - Cooperative Week
National Book Week
National Land Resources Conservation Week (14-20)
National Library Week
Universal Children's Day
World Diabetes Day
15 - Jharkhand State Formation Day
New Born Week (15-21)
Thanks Giving Day
16 - International Day for Tolerance
Pharmacy Week (16-22)
National Press Day
17 - National Day for the Deaf
18 - Territorial Army Day
19 - National Integration Day
World Heritage Week (19-25)
20 - Africa Industrialization Day
21 - World Fisheries Day
World Hello Day
World Television Day
25 - Flag Day
International Day against Violence against Women
26 - National Law Day

December
01 - Border Security Force (BSF) Raising Day
Nagaland Day
World AIDS Day
02 -International Day for Abolition of Slavery (UNO)
03 - International Day of Disabled Persons
World Conservation Day
04 - Chemical Disaster Prevention Day
Navy Day
05 - International Volunteers Day
06 - Armed Forces Day
Civil Defence Day
07 - International Civil Aviation Day
08 - Handicrafts week (8-15)
Home Guards Raising Day
Submarine Day
09 - National Immunization Day
10 - Human Rights Day
International Childrens Day of Broadcasting
11 - UNICEF Day
12 - Assam Rifles Raising Day
14 - National Energy Conservation Day
16 - Vijay Divas
17 - Pensioner's Day
18 - International Migrants Day
Minorities Rights Day
22 - Mathematics Day
23 - Kisan Day
24 - National Consumer Day
25 - X-Mas Day
26 - Boxing Day
28 - Central Reserve Police Force Anniversary
29 - International Day for Biological Diversity

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Posted in: Important Dates,Important Day,Important Days,Important Days of India

Important Days

>

important days

JANUARY

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12 National Youth Day
*

21 Army Day
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23 Nethaji Subhash Chandra Bose Birth day
*

26 Republic Day
*

30 Martyrs Day, World Leprosy Eradication Day

FEBRUARY

*

28 National Science Day
*

29 National De-addiction Day

MARCH

*

8 International Womens Day
*

15 World Consumers' Rights Day
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15 World Disabled Day
*

16 National Immunisation Day
*

21 World Forestry Day
*

22 World Day for Water
*

23 World Meteorological Day
*

24 World TB Day

APRIL

*

5 National Maritime Day
*

5 Samta Diwas
*

7 World Health Day
*

10-16 Railway Week
*

12 World Aviation and Cosmonautics Day
*

13 Jallianwala Day
*

17 World Haemophilia Day
*

18 World Heritage Day
*

22 Earth Day
*

23 World Book Day

MAY

*

1 May Day, Workers Day, International Labour Day
*

3 World Press Freedom Day
*

3 World Asthma Day
*

8 World Red Cross Day
*

12 International Nurses Day
*

13 National Solidarity Day
*

15 International Families Day
*

17 World Tele-communication Day
*

21 Anti-terrorism Day
*

24 Commonwealth Day
*

31 No-Tobacco Day

JUNE

*

4 International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
*

5 World Environment Day23 Blood Donation Day
*

25 UN Charter Signing Day
*

26 International Day Against Drug Abuse & Illicit Trafficking
*

27 World Diabetes Day

JULY

*

1 Doctors Day
*

11 World Population Day

AUGUST

*

1 World Breast Feeding Day
*

1-7 Breast Feeding Week
*

6 Hiroshima Day
*

9 Nagasaki Day
*

9 Quit India Day
*

15 Independence Day
*

29 National Sports Day

SEPTEMBER

*

5 Teachers™ Day
*

8 International Literacy Day
*

16 World Ozone Day
*

27 World Tourism Day

OCTOBER

*

1 International Day for the Elderly
*

2 World Vegetarian Day
*

2 World Animal Day
*

4 National Integration Day
*

5 World Habitat Day
*

7 International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
*

8 Air Force Day
*

10 National Post Day
*

14 World Standards Day
*

16 World Food Day
*

21 Police Commemoration Day
*

24 UN Day
*

30 World Thrift Day
*

31 National Integration Day

NOVEMBER

*

14 Childrens Day
*

18 Sappers™ Day
*

19 Citizens Day

DECEMBER

*

1 World AIDS Day
*

3 International Day of Disabled Persons
*

4 Indian Navy Day
*

5 International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
*

7 Armed Forces Flag Day
*

10 Human Rights Day (UN)
*

20 Kisans Day

Read more-->> »

Posted in: Important Dates,Important Day,Important Days,Important Days of India

Other Abbreviations

>Other Abbreviations

• 3G : Third Generation
• AAA : Asian Athletics Association
• AAFI : The Amateur Athletics Federation of India
• AC : Ante Christum (Before Christ), Ashok Chakra, Air Conditioner
• ADB : Asian Development Bank
• AFI : Athletics Federation of India
• AFMC : Armed Forces Medical College
• AI : Artifical Intelligence, Air India
• AICTE : All India Council for Technical Education
• AIFF : All India Football Federation
• AIIMS : All India Institute of Medical Science
• AITUC : All India Trade Union Congress
• ALGOL : Algebric Oriented Language
• AM : Ante Meridiem, Amplitude Modulation
• APEC : Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
• ARPANET : Advanced Research Project Agency Network
• ASCII : American Standard Code for Informa­tion Interchange
• ASEAN : Association of South East Asian Na­tions
• ASLV : Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
• AT&T : American Telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd.
• ATC : Air Traffic Control
• ATM : Automated Teller Machine
• AVSM : Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
• B2B : Busines to Business
• B2C : Business to Consumer
• BARC : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
• BBC : British Broadcasting Corporation
• BBS : Bulletin Board Service
• BC : Before Christ
• BHEL : Bharat Heavy Electri-cals Ltd
• BIOS : Basic Input Output System
• BPL : Below Poverty Line
• BPO : Business Process Outsourcing
• BPR : Business Process Re-engineering
• bps : bytes per second
• BSE : Bombay Stock Exchange
• BSF : Border Security Force
• BSNL : Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
• C2C : Consumer to Consumer
• CA : Chartered Accountant
• CAD : Computer Aided Design
• CAT : Common Admission Test
• CBI : Central Bureau of Investigation
• CBSE : Central Board of Secondary Education
• CDAC : Centre for the Development of Advanced Computing
• CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access
• CEO : Chief Executive Officer
• CFSL : Central Forensic Science Laboratory
• CGI : Common Gateway Interface
• CIA : Central Intelligence Agency
• CID : Criminal Investigation Department
• CISC : Complex instruction set computing
• CITU : Centre of Indian Trade Unions
• CNN : Cable News Network
• COMSAT : Communications Satellite Corporation
• COPRA : Consumer Protection Act
• CORBA : Common Object Request Broker Architecture
• CPI : Communist Party of India
• CPWD : Central Public Works Department
• CRIS : Centre for Railway Information System
• CSIR : Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
• CTBT : Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
• CYMK : Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Kinda
• D.Litt. : Doctor of Literature
• D.Phil. : Doctor of Philosophy
• D.Sc : Doctor of Science
• DC : Direct Current
• DIG : Deputy Inspector General
• DMA : Direct Memory Access
• DMK : Dravida Munetra Kazhagam
• DNA : Deoxyribo-nucleic Acid
• DTP : Desktop Publishing
• DVC : Damodar Valley Corporation
• DVD : Digital Versatile/Video Disc
• E & OE : Errors and Omissions Excepted
• EDI : Electronic Data Interchange
• EIS : Executive Information System
• E-MAIL : Electronic Mailing
• EMI : Equated Monthly Instalments
• ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
• ENT : Ear, Nose and Throat
• EOF : end of file
• EOT : Eastern Daylight Time
• EPABX : Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange
• ERNET : Educational and Research Network
• FAQ : Frequently Asked Question
• FBI : Federal Bureau of Investigation
• FBT : Fringe Benefit Tax
• FBTR : Fast Breeder Test Reactor
• FBW : Fly-By-Wire
• FCI : Food Corporation of India; Fertilizer Corporation of India
• FDI : Foreign Direct Investment
• FEMA : Foreign Exchange Management Act
• FICCI : Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
• FIFA : International Football Federation (Fed­eration Internationale de Football Associa­tion)
• FIR : First Information Report
• FM : Frequency modulation
• FRCP : Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians
• FRCS : Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
• FRCS : Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society
• FRS : Fellow of the Royal Society
• G7 : Group of Seven(US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, japan and Canada)
• G8 : includes G7 plus Russia
• GATE : Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
• GATS : General Agreement on Trade and Services
• GDP : Gross Domestic Product
• GMAT : Graduate Management Admission Test
• GMT : Greenwich Mean Time
• GSLV : Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Ve­hicle
• GSM : Global System for Mobile Communica­tions
• GSP : Generalised System Preference
• GUI : Graphical User Interface
• HAL : Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
• HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• HMI : Himalayan Mountaineering Institute
• HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language
• HUDCO : Housing and Urban Development Corp.
• HVAC : Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
• IAAI : International Airport Authority of India
• IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency
• IARI : Indian Agricultural Research Institute
• IAS : Indian Administrative Service
• IATA : International Air Transport Association
• IBM : International Business Machines
• ICSE : Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
• ICU : Intensive Care Unit
• ICWA : Indian Council of World Affairs
• IDA : International Development Agency
• IDBI : Industrial Development Bank of India
• IEEE : Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers
• IELTS : International English Language Testing System
• IFC : Industrial Finance Corporation, International Finance Corporation
• IFS : Indian Foreign Service; Indian Forest Service
• IGNOU : Indira Gandhi National Open University
• IIPA : Indian Institute of Public Administration
• IISCO : Indian Iron and Steel Company
• IISS : International Institute of Strategic Studies
• IIT : Indian Institute of Technology
• ILA : Indian Library Association
• ILO : International Labour Organisation
• IMAP : Internet Mail Access Protocol
• IMF : International Monetary Fund
• INA : Indian National Army
• INTUC : Indian National Trade Union Congress
• IOC : Indian Oil Corporation
• IP : Internet Protocol
• IPC : Indian Penal Code
• IPCL : Indian Petro-Chemicals Corporation Ltd
• IPI : International Press Institute
• IPO : Initial Public Offering
• IPS : Indian Police Service; Inter Press Service
• IQ : Intelligence Quotient
• IRC : International Red Cross
• IRDP : Integrated Rural Development Programme
• IRS : Indian Revenue Service
• ISBN : International Standard Book Number
• ISDN : Integrated Services Digital Network
• ISI : Indian Standards Institution; Inter Services Intelligence
• ISKCON : International Society for Krishna Consciousness
• ISO : International Standards Organisation
• ISRO : Indian Space Research Organisation
• IST : Indian Standard Time
• ITBP : Indo-Tibetan Border Police
• ITES : Information Technology enabled services
• ITI : Indian Telephone Industries, Industrial Training Institute
• ITU : International Telecommunication Union
• IVF : In-Vitro Fertilisation
• IVM : In-vitro Maturation
• JCO : Junior Commissioned Officer
• JEE : Joint Entrance Examination
• JPEG : Joint Photographic Expert Group
• LASER : Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
• LCA : Light Combat Aircraft
• LCD : Liquid Crystal Display, Least Common Denominator
• LCM : Lowest Common Multiple
• LIC : Life Insurance Corporation (of India)
• LLB : Bachelor of Laws
• LMC : Large Megallanic Cloud
• LTTE : Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam
• MA : Magisiter Artium (Master of Arts)
• MD : Doctor of Medicine
• MBA : Master of Business Administration
• MBBS : Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
• MCC : Marylebone Cricket Club
• MCI : Medical Council of India
• MICR : Magnetic ink character recognition
• MIDI : Musical Instrument Digital Interface
• MIPS : Million Instructions per Second
• MIT : Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Master Instruction Tape
• MLA : Member of Legislative Assembly
• MNC : Multi-National Corporation
• MODEM : modulator demodulator
• MP : Member of Parliament; Madhya Pradesh
• MPEG : Motion Picture Experts Group
• MRCP : Member of the Royal College of Physicians
• MTCR : Missile Technology Control Regime
• MVC : Maha Vir Chakra
• NAAC : National Assessment and Accreditation Council
• NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
• NAFED : National Agricultural Co-operative Marketing Federation
• NALCO : National Aluminium Company Ltd.
• NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ministration
• NASDAQ : National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
• NASSCOM : National Association of Software and Service Companies
• NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
• NAV : Net Asset Value
• NCERT : National Council of Educational Research and Training
• NCSA : National Centre for Supercomputing Applications; National Computer Security Association
• NDA : National Defence Academy
• NOC : No Objection Certificate
• NPA : Non-performing Assets
• NPT : Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
• NRF : National Renewal Fund
• NSUI : National Students Union of India
• NTPC : National Thermal Power Corporation
• OBC : Other Backward Classes
• OCR : Optical Character Recognition
• ONGC : Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
• OOP : Object Oriented Programme
• OPEC : Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
• OSCAR : Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio
• PAN : Permanent Account Number
• Ph.D. : Doctor of Philosophy (Philosophiae Doctor)
• PIL : Public Interest Litigation
• PIN : Postal Index Number
• PSLV : Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
• PWD : Public Works Department
• R&D : Research and Development
• RADAR : Radio Detecting and Ranging
• RAM : Random Access Memory
• RAW : Research & Analysis Wing
• RBI : Reserve Bank of India
• RDX : Research Department Explosive (Cyclotrim-ethylin Trinitrate)
• RISC : Reduced instruction-set computing
• RNA : Ribonucleic acid
• ROM : Read Only Memory
• RPM : Revolutions Per Minute
• RTI : Right to Information
• SAIL : Steel Authority of India Limited
• SARS : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
• SCSI : Small Computer Systems Interface
• SEBI : Securities and Exchange Board of India
• SENSEX : Sensitivity Index (of Share Price)
• SEZ : Special Economic Zone
• SGPC : Siromani Gurudwara Prabandak Committee
• SIM : Subscriber Information Module
• SLV : Satellite Launch Vehicle
• SMS : Short Message Service
• SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• STD : Subscriber Trunk Dialling; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• TADA : Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act
• TCP : Transfer Call Protocol, Transmission Control Protocol
• TELCO : Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
• TFT : Thin-Film Transistor
• TIFR : Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
• TISCO : Tata Iron and Steel Company
• TOEFL : Test of English as a Foreign Language
• UAV : Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
• UGC : University Grants Commission
• ULFA : United Liberation Front of Asom
• UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi-sation
• UNI : United News of India
• UNICEF : United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (now, 'United Nations Children's Fund')
• UNU : United Nations University
• UPA : United Progressive Alliance
• UPSC : Union Public Service Commission
• URL : Uniform Resource Locator
• VAT : Value Added Tax
• VCR : Video Cassette Recorder
• VIP : Very Important Person
• VIRUS : Vital Information Resources Under Siege
• VRML : Virtual Reality Modelling Language
• VRS : Voluntary Retirement Scheme
• VSSC : Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
• WHO : World Health Organisation
• WMO : World Meteorological Organisation
• WTO : World Trade Orga-nisation
• WWF : World Wildlife Fund
• WWW : World Wide Web
• WYSIWYG : What you see is what you get
• XML : Extensible Mark-up Language
• YMCA : Young Men's Christian Association
• ZIP : Zone Improvement Plan

Read more-->> »

Posted in: Abbreviations,Computer Abbreviations,Important Abbreviations,Other Abbreviations

Computer Abbreviations

>Computer Abbreviations

• CDAC : Centre for Development of Advanced Parallel Computing
• C-DOT : Center for Development of Telematrics
• HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• ROM : Read Only Memory
• RAM : Random Access Memory
• BIOS : Basic Input- Output System
• MODEM : Modulation Demodulation
• CAD : Computer Aided Design
• PSTN : Public Switched Public Data Network
• PSPDN : Pocket Switched Public
• RABAN : Remote Area Business Message Network
• LAN : Local Area Network
• WAN : Wide Area Network
• MAN : Metropolitan Area Network
• CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access
• GAIS : Gateway Internet Access Service
• E-Mail : Electronic Mail
• CD : Compact Disc
• LDU : Liquid Display Unit
• CPU : Central Processing Unit
• CAM : Computer Aided Manufacturing
• CATScan : Computerized Axial Tomography Scan
• COBOL : Common Business Oriented Language
• COMAL : Common Algorithmic Language
• DOS : Disk Operating System
• DTS : Desk Top System
• DTP : Desk Top Publishing
• E-Commerce : Electronic Commerce
• ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
• FAX : Far Away Xerox
• FLOPS : Floating Operations Per Second
• FORTRAN : Formula Translation
• HLL : High Level Language
• HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language
• IBM : International Business Machine
• IC : Integrated Circuit
• ISH : International Super Highway
• LISP : List Processing
• LLL : Low Level Language
• MICR : Magnetic Ink Character Recognizer
• MIPS : Millions of Instructions Per Second
• MOPS : Millions of Operations Per Second
• MPU : Micro Processor Unit
• NICNET : National Information Center Network
• OMR : Optical Mark Reader
• PC-DOT : Personal Computer Disk Operation System
• PROM : Programmable Read Only Memory
• SNOBOL : String Oriented Symbolic Language
• UPS : Uninterpretable Power Supply
• VDU : Visual Display Unit
• VLSI : Very Large Scale Integrated
• WWW : World Wide Web
• WLAN : Wireless Local Area Network
• Wi-fi : Wireless Fidelity
• TIFF : Tagged Image File Format
• e-SATA : External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
• WiMAX : Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
• JPEG : Joint Photographic Experts Group
• GIF : Graphics Interchange Format
• ATX : Advanced Technology Extended
• UATX : Ultra Advanced Technology Extended
• FATX : Flex Advanced Technology Extended
• MATX : Micro Advanced Technology Extended
• EEATX : Enhanced Extended Advanced Technology Extended
• DDR SDRAM : Double-Data-Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
• DDR RAM : Double-Data-Rate Random Access Memory
• GUI : Graphical User Interfaces
• CUI : Command User Interfaces

Read more-->> »

Posted in: Abbreviations,Computer Abbreviations,Important Abbreviations,Other Abbreviation

Abbreviations List

>Important Abbreviations of all categories

• AVES : Acute Viral Encephalitic Syndrome
• BCTT : Bank Cash Transaction Tex
• BCSBI : Banking Codes and Standard Board Of India
• CIC : Central Information Commission
• CSTO : Collective Security Treaty Organisation
• CNLU : Chanakya National Law University
• DII : Domestic Institutional Investor
• DTH : Direct To Home
• ECGC : Export Credit Guarantee Corporation
• FDI : Foreign Direct Investment
• FII : Foreign Institutional Investor
• GUAM : Georgia, Ukraine, Azebaijan and Moldova
• GAGAN : GPS Aided Geo-Augmented Navigation
• IMO : Instant Money Order
• IBSA : India, Brazil, South Africa
• MRO : Mars Recconnaissance Orbiter
• NADT : National Authority On Drugs and Therapeutics
• NCCE : National Council for Clinnical Establishments
• NEIA : National Export Insurance Account
• NMDP : National Maritime Development Programme
• NREGA : National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
• NJC : National Judicial Council
• OCI : Overseas Citizen of India
• PURA : Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas
• PHFI : Public Health Foundation of India
• RLDA : Railway Land Development Authority
• SCRAMJET : Supersonic Combustion Ramjet
• SIM : Subscriber Identification Module
• ITGI : IFFCO Tokio General Insurance
• IITF : India International Trade Fair
• IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency
• HPAI : Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
• NCH : National Consumer Influenze
• SPA : Seven Party Alliance
• VAT : Value Added Tex
• QIB : Qualified Institutional Buyer
• QIP : Qualified Institutional Placement
• RTA : Railway Territorial Army
• RTC : Round Table Conference
• RTG : Radio-isotope Thermo-electric Generator
• SWIFT : Society for World-wide International Financial Transactions
• SWOT : Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats
• SYL : Sutlej- Yamuna Link (Canal)
• YWCA : Young Women’s Christian Association
• ZSI : Zoological Survey of India
• ZUPO : Zimbabwe United People’s Organisation
• ESOP : Employee Stock Option
• PRP : Performance Related Payment
• ICA : Irrigated Crop Area
• FEMA : Foreign Exchange Management Act
• RFID : Radio Frequency Identification
• PERDA : Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
• RED : Result Framework Document
• TERM : Telecom Enforcement, Resource and Monitoring
• OGL : Open General Licence
• IMB : International Maritime Bureau

Read more-->> »

Posted in: Abbreviations,Computer Abbreviation,Important Abbreviations,Other Abbreviation